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- HYPERLINKS AND DEFINITE JUMPS
-
- One of the most complex concepts in multimedia creation
- is hyper-linking (also known as hyperlinking). Not all
- multimedia creation programs have this feature, and it is not
- required for making excellent TMW presentations, but if you
- master it, you can add wonderful user interaction to your
- presentations.
-
- Hyperlinking (as I define it) is the ability for an end
- user to point to and select something on the screen and be
- taken to another part of your presentation based upon that
- selection.
-
- It is up to you to design screens containing text, icons
- or objects which the end user can select. It is also up to
- you to create the links. In other words, if the user points
- to X, then you have the presentation run file Z. You might,
- for instance, design a screen with a frog, a cat, a lizard,
- and an ant. The user can point to one of these animals, and
- be taken to script file with more information about
- amphibian, or mammals, or reptiles, or insects.
-
- Here's another example. You draw a sewing machine. If
- the users select an area around the needle, you take them to
- a script about threading the needle. If they point to the
- bobbin winder, you take them to a "winding bobbins" script,
- and if they point to the tensioner, you take them to a script
- which explains the tensioner settings.
-
- Normally you build a presentation by completing the
- screens containing icons, text or whatever you use to
- indicate hyperlinks first. We'll call these menu screens.
- Then, you build the scripts or files which are to be
- hyperlinked. Finally, you go back to the menu screens and
- actually create the links. For each link, select HYPERLINK
- from a menu. You will be asked to type a filename, then a
- rectangle will appear on screen. Size, shape and move the
- rectangle to enclose the area in which your users can click
- to get a link. From this point on, when your users use MSHOW,
- and the menu screen is visible, if users move the arrow into
- the invisible hyperlinked rectangular region, the
- presentation will then show the hyperlinked script.
-
- Of course you can have up to 30 links per menu screen,
- and as many menu screens as you like. For instance, you
- could have a menu screen which shows several bugs including
- spiders and insects. If they click on a picture of an
- insect, then the presentation could show a second menu screen
- showing bees and ants (both insects). If they click on bees,
- they could be shown yet an other menu screen with honey bees,
- bumblebees, etc. If they click on bumblebees, you might
- finally present a script talking about bumblebees.
-
- Definite Jumps
-
- At the end of your bumblebees script, you need a Definite
- Jump. A definite jump will unconditionally take the user to a
- specific script after the current script is shown. When your
- users are done learning about bumblebees, the program
- should not end. The users may want to find out about
- different bugs. So at the end of the bumblebee script you
- insert a Definite Jump back to the bugs menu script so they
- can go through the process again. In fact, there should be a
- definite jump back to the bugs menu script from every single
- hyperlinked script in your bug presentation, so the user
- never gets lost, but always returns to the main bug menu.
-
- There are other uses for Definite Jump, too, with or
- without hyperlinking. I often use it as a way to concatenate
- scripts. For instance, I have a standard advertising script
- for The Multimedia Workshop which I put in almost all of my
- shareware presentations. The last screen in each presentation
- uses a Definite Jump to show the TMW ad.
-
- What If
-
- What if you have two overlapping hyperlinked regions? If
- your insects area overlaps your spiders area, what happens?
- The last one in order in your script file is the one which
- will take effect. If you made a hyperlink for insects first,
- then the spiders one, and if your end user clicks where both
- hyperlinked areas overlap, then the last hyperlink is the one
- which will work. In this case, your user will be taken to the
- spiders script.
-
- What if the user confronted with your bug menu script
- clicks on an area which has no hyperlink? Perhaps the user
- clicks on a blank area between your spider picture and your
- insect picture. The answer is that TMW's runtime program
- MSHOW.EXE covers the situation perfectly. If there are one
- or more hyperlinks in a script file, it will wait patiently
- until the user clicks on a linked area.
- In TMW.EXE, this could create a problem however, because
- as soon as a hyperlink is encountered, there would be no way
- to continue building or editing a script file. Therefore
- TMW.EXE works a bit differently than MSHOW.EXE. It will let
- the presentation "fall through" when you click on a
- non-hyperlinked area, so you can continue working on your
- files.
-
- Now, if you are sharp, you'll see another little
- problem. How do you let your users out? There are two ways.
- One is to make an icon or something in your menu showing the
- exit, then hyperlink a script which does not do a definite
- jump back to the bugs menu script. You can use this as a
- dropout or advertising script. The other way is to hyperlink
- using STOP, in capital letters as the filename. "STOP" is
- not a file, but a special code to the hyperlinking mechanism,
- to let users out of a full screen hyperlink.
-
- Another Little Trick
-
- In addition to script files, you can use hyperlink to run
- executable (.EXE, .COM or .BAT) files or to display .PCX
- image files. You can run a spreadsheet, a video game,
- Writer's Dream, even another MSHOW presentation this way.
- However, there is no direct way to put a Definite Jump or
- hyperlink into anything other than a script file. If you
- want to run an executable, then hyperlink or Definite Jump
- back into the presentation, create a new script file,
- containing nothing but a hook to the executable (or file, and
- then the hyperlink(s) or Definite Jump. To hook an
- executable file into a script, use HOOK PROGRAM from the file
- menu.
-
- A Surprise
-
- Maybe you figured this out already: You can use The
- Multimedia Workshop to create your own custom picture-based
- program launcher. For instance, you could make a script file
- with "My Menu" at the top, and a bunch of custom icons
- representing your favorite programs. Then hyperlink all your
- icons to your programs. This way, you can point to your Word
- Perfect icon, and run WP. Or point to your XTree icon, and
- get Xtree. Or point to your picture of a blank disk, and
- start FORMAT.COM.
-
- Going a step further, imagine that you want to sell your
- old used computer to a friend who is computer illiterate.
- All he wants to do is play Pacman, and write letters. For
- him, you make a menu which contains a picture of Pacman,
- another of a letter being written, and a few more for basic
- DOS services like formatting disks and copying files. Then
- you hyperlink in .BAT files which actually perform the
- services desired. You could even simplify it further for
- your friend by linking in help scripts. For instance, when
- your friend clicks on the format disk icon, you first present
- some basic information about what FORMAT.COM does, why it is
- needed, and how to do it. Then you could offer another menu,
- "Format A:, Format B:, Cancel." If your friend then points
- to the "Format a:" option, you hyperlink a batch file which
- says, "FORMAT a:/u/s," or whatever you think is best.
-
- I'll leave you to imagine all the possibilities now...
-
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- end of file.
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